4,772 research outputs found
Immigration and Distribution of Wages in Austria
Using detailed micro data on earnings and employment, I analyze the effects of immigration on the wage distribution of native male workers in Austria. I find that immigration has heterogeneous effects on wages, differing by type of work as well as the wage level. While there are small , but insignificant, negative effects for blue collar workers at the lower end of the wage distribution there are positive effects on wages at higher percentiles. For white collar workers positive effects occur at most percentiles. The estimated effects of immigration are relatively small in size and not significant for most workers. Overall it seems that most of potentially adverse effects of immigration on natives' wages are offset by complementarities stemming from immigration of workers with different skill levels.Immigration, Labor market, Wage distribution
Immigration and Distribution of Wages in Austria
Using detailed micro data on earnings and employment, I analyze the effects of immigration on the wage distribution of native male workers in Austria. I find that immigration has heterogeneous effects on wages, differing by type of work as well as the wage level. While there are small , but insignificant, negative effects for blue collar workers at the lower end of the wage distribution there are positive effects on wages at higher percentiles. For white collar workers positive effects occur at most percentiles. The estimated effects of immigration are relatively small in size and not significant for most workers. Overall it seems that most of potentially adverse effects of immigration on natives' wages are offset by complementarities stemming from immigration of workers with different skill levels.Immigration, Labor market, Wage distribution
The Distribution of Patterns in Random Trees
Let denote the set of unrooted labeled trees of size and let
be a particular (finite, unlabeled) tree. Assuming that every tree of
is equally likely, it is shown that the limiting distribution as
goes to infinity of the number of occurrences of as an induced subtree is
asymptotically normal with mean value and variance asymptotically equivalent to
and , respectively, where the constants and
are computable
Reflection and Transmission for Conformal Defects
We consider conformal defects joining two conformal field theories along a
line. We define two new quantities associated to such defects in terms of
expectation values of the stress tensors and we propose them as measures of the
reflectivity and transmissivity of the defect. Their properties are
investigated and they are computed in a number of examples. We obtain a
complete answer for all defects in the Ising model and between certain pairs of
minimal models. In the case of two conformal field theories with an enhanced
symmetry we restrict ourselves to non-trivial defects that can be obtained by a
coset construction.Comment: 32 pages + 13 pages appendix, 12 figures; v2: added eqns (2.7), (2.8)
and refs [6,7,39,40], version published in JHE
Leveling the Playing Field: Applying Federal Corporate Charging Considerations to Individuals
The American prison system is grappling with a well-publicized carceral crisis. In the words of former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, âtoo many Americans go to too many prisons for far too long, and for no truly good law enforcement reason.â And, as a result of developments in federal law over the past few decades, the power of federal prosecutors to decide when and how to charge individuals with crimes is crucial to when and how American citizens go to prison.
Many ideas have been proposed to revise prosecutorial discretionary powers, but few have been heeded by the Department of Justice (DOJ). However, this Note posits that the DOJ has already paved the way to enhanced guidance for federal prosecutors when charging individuals with crimes. This is because the DOJâs prosecutorial guidance for charging corporations with federal crimes is more robust than the guidance for charging individuals. In particular, a discussion on collateral consequences is included in the corporate charging guidance, yet lacking in the individual charging guidance.
This enhanced corporate guidance has had the purposeful impact of curtailing the prosecution of corporate crime. This Note argues that a similar discussion of collateral consequences in the individual charging guidance could have important and far-reaching effects on the federal criminal regime. Perhaps more importantly, such a discussion could remedy some of the unfairness presented by the current system in which federal prosecutors are guided to consider a superior set of factors before charging corporations with crimes
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